All too often today, at least in the United States, “spirituality” is juxtaposed to “religion” as an alternative. “Spiritual but not religious” has become a cliché. It often becomes individualist, self-serving, and separated from concerns for justice and peace in the public world.
The more clearly we think about positive possibilities, the more strongly we hope for this outcome, and the more attractive the prospect becomes, the more we will invest in thought and in practices that have a chance of bringing these prospects to fruition.
In the Cartesian view, to attribute feelings to these animals was to commit the “pathetic fallacy.” Even today, the industrial production of meat takes no account of any subjective experience on the part of cows, pigs, and chickens.
The ecological crisis is a real world crisis, not an abstract one. To improve the world often requires asking questions that are not the property of one academic discipline or another.